{"id":1979,"date":"2022-01-23T10:05:00","date_gmt":"2022-01-23T10:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adriadapt.eu\/?post_type=adaptation_option&p=1979"},"modified":"2022-05-19T13:56:00","modified_gmt":"2022-05-19T12:56:00","slug":"zastita-i-obnova-livada-morske-cvjetnice-posidonije","status":"publish","type":"adaptation_option","link":"https:\/\/adriadapt.eu\/hr\/adaptation-options\/zastita-i-obnova-livada-morske-cvjetnice-posidonije\/","title":{"rendered":"Za\u0161tita i obnova livada morske cvjetnice posidonije"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Opis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

U slu\u010daju erozije pla\u017ee\/obale, va\u017enu \u201eobrambenu ulogu\u201c imaju morske cvjetnice. Morske cvjetnice zadr\u017eavaju sedimente, stabiliziraju morsko dno i na taj na\u010din spre\u010dava eroziju obale. Zadr\u017eavanjem sedimenta u morskim cvjetnicama dno postaje pli\u0107e, a valovi<\/a> se udaljavaju od obale, \u0161to \u0107e ubla\u017eiti eroziju obale tijekom olujnog nevremena. Morske cvjetnice tako\u0111er usporavaju kretanje morskih struja izme\u0111u morskog dna i vlastitih listova. Nedavna ispitivanja pokazala su da je visina valova u predjelima prekrivenima gustim livadama morskih cvjetnica 10-20% ni\u017ea u usporedbi s golim morskim dnom (phys.org<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Morske cvjetnice tako\u0111er imaju va\u017enu ulogu u ubla\u017eavanju klimatskih promjena. Imaju zna\u010dajan potencijal sekvestracije ugljika, kako vlastitom biomasom, tako i filtriranjem sitnog organskog materijala iz okolne morske vode. Na globalnoj razini, livade morske cvjetnice odgovorne su za vi\u0161e od 10% ugljika sa\u010duvanog u oceanu, iako obuhva\u0107aju tek 0,2% ukupne povr\u0161ine dna svjetskih mora (Fourqurean i sur., 2012). Prema nekim procjenama, morske cvjetnice hvataju ugljik do 35 puta br\u017ee od tropskih pra\u0161uma (www.wwf.org.uk<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Livade morskih cvjetnica pripadaju u skupinu ekosustava s najve\u0107om stopom sekvestracije ugljika (http:\/\/www.earthtimes.org\/climate\/blue-carbon\/2021<\/em><\/a> prilago\u0111eno prema Laffoley i Grimsdich (ur.) 2009).<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

U Jadranskome moru prisutne su \u010detiri vrste morske cvjetnice, od kojih je najrasprostranjenija Posidonia oceanica<\/em>. Livade posidonije posebno su vrijedna stani\u0161ta za Jadran, stoga je klju\u010dno osigurati njihovu za\u0161titu. Osim spomenute uloge u prilagodbi i ubla\u017eavanju klimatskih promjena, Posidonija slu\u017ei i kao pokazatelj kvalitete morske vode, budu\u0107i da je je vrlo osjetljiva na zaga\u0111enje i mo\u017ee rasti samo u \u010distim, nezaga\u0111enim vodama. Posidoniju se naziva \u201eplu\u0107ima Mediterana\u201c jer je jedan od najva\u017enijih izvora kisika kojima se opskrbljuje obalno more. Na Mediteranu populacija posidonije dnevno proizvodi 14 do 20 litara kisika po \u010detvornom metru (medwet.org<\/em>). Livade posidonije podr\u017eavaju \u0161irok spektar \u017eivotinjskih vrsta, pru\u017eaju\u0107i im hranu, zaklon i  podru\u010dje za razmno\u017eavanje, podupiru\u0107i time ribarstvo i izvor sredstava za \u017eivot obalnom stanovni\u0161tvu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Istovremeno, livade posidonije ugro\u017eene su na podru\u010djima izravno izlo\u017eenima aktivnostima \u010dovjeka poput sidrenja; zagu\u0161enja i pove\u0107ane zamu\u0107enosti od gra\u0111evinskog materijala za nasipavanje i izgradnju objekata na obali; eutrofikacije i drugih vrsta one\u010di\u0161\u0107enja; nepropisnog ribolova mre\u017eama \u201cmigavicama\u201d, povla\u010dnim mre\u017eama (ko\u0107ama) i drugom opremom koja se povla\u010di po morskom dnu, te \u0161irenja invazivnih vrsta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Va\u017enost za\u0161tite morske cvjetnice prepoznata je na nekoliko razina: posidonija je Direktivom o za\u0161titi prirodnih stani\u0161ta i mre\u017eom za\u0161ti\u0107enih podru\u010dja Natura 2000 uvr\u0161tena u prioritetna stani\u0161ta. U Hrvatskoj, uspostavljena su podru\u010dja od posebne va\u017enosti za za\u0161titu prirode (ASCI) (na temelju Bernske konvencije) koja obuhva\u0107aju sve vrste morskih cvjetnice, i to u sklopu \u201eSmaragdne mre\u017ee\u201c. Osim toga, sve vrste morskih cvjetnica na nacionalnoj razini u Hrvatskoj za\u0161ti\u0107ene su Zakonom o za\u0161titi prirode kao strogo za\u0161ti\u0107ene vrste. Italija je tako\u0111er ratificirala niz me\u0111unarodnih propisa (primjerice, Bernsku konvenciju, Direktivu o stani\u0161tima, Okvirnu direktivu o vodama, Okvirnu direktivu o pomorskoj strategiji) kako bi za\u0161titila livade posidonije i drugih vrsta morskih cvjetnica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unato\u010d svim ovim inicijativama za njihovu za\u0161titu, nedavna analiza ukazuje na pad distribucijskog podru\u010dja od 34% ili degradaciju u posljednjih 50 godina u Sredozemnome moru (Telesca i sur. 2015).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tro\u0161kovi i koristi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

O\u010duvanje livada morskih cvjetnica nudi mnoge prednosti, poput opskrbe morskih vrsta hranom, skloni\u0161tem i podru\u010djem za razmno\u017eavanje; sekvestracije ugljika; proizvodnje kisika; i za\u0161tite priobalja zahva\u0107anjem sedimenata. Sukladno pretpostavkama, procjena je da hektar morske cvjetnice vrijedi vi\u0161e od 19.000 USD godi\u0161nje (ocean.si.edu<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sve donedavno, za\u0161tita morskih cvjetnica nije bila motivirana njihovom ulogom u za\u0161titi obale, ve\u0107 uglavnom njihovom va\u017eno\u0161\u0107u za morsku bioraznolikost. Unapre\u0111enje znanja o njihovoj ulozi u za\u0161titi obale novi je izazov za lokalne i regionalne uprave nadle\u017ene za za\u0161titu obale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na Mediteranu je dosad provedeno nekoliko projekata sadnje posidonije, s razli\u010ditim uspjehom. Presa\u0111ivanje mo\u017ee zahtijevati znatne tro\u0161kove i mnogo ulo\u017eenog truda; stoga se mo\u017ee re\u0107i da je za\u0161tita morske cvjetnice daleko isplativija mjera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vrijeme provedbe i vijek trajanja<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Presa\u0111ivanje posidonije mo\u017ee biti relativno brz proces, ali budu\u0107i da raste prili\u010dno sporo (samo 1 cm godi\u0161nje u visinu), bit \u0107e potrebno relativno dugo razdoblje za promatranje rezultata, odnosno razine uspje\u0161nosti takvih aktivnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iz<\/strong>vor dodatnih informacija<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fourqurean JW, Duarte CM, Kennedy H, Marb\u00e0 N, Holmer M, Mateo MA, Apostolaki ET, Kendrick GA, Krause-Jensen D, McGlathery KJ (2012) Seagrass ecosystems as a globally significant carbon stock. Nature Geoscience 5: 505-509<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La\u012b oley, D.d\u2019A. & Grimsditch, G. (ur.). 2009. The management of natural coastal carbon sinks. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 53 str.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Planting hope: seagrass https:\/\/www.wwf.org.uk\/what-we-do\/planting-hope-how-seagrass-can-tackle-climate-change<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seagrass a crucial weapon against coastal erosion:  https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2016-06-seagrass-crucial-weapon-coastal-erosion.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seagrass and seagrass beds: https:\/\/ocean.si.edu\/ocean-life\/plants-algae\/seagrass-and-seagrass-beds<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Telesca, L.; Belluscio, A.; Criscoli, A.; Ardizzone, G.; Apostolaki, E.T.; Fraschetti, S.; Gristina, M.; Knittweis, L.; Martin, C.S.; Pergent, G. (2015) Seagrass meadows (Posidonia oceanica) distribution and trajectories of change. Scientific Reports 5(12505).<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":2300,"template":"","adaptation_option_category":[116,114],"adaptation_option_sector":[286,572,351,306,207,377],"adaptation_option_ipcc_category":[],"adaptation_option_climate_impact":[210,132,330],"adaptation_option_keyword":[832,833,834,830,516,831],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nZa\u0161tita i obnova livada morske cvjetnice posidonije - AdriAdapt<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adriadapt.eu\/hr\/adaptation-options\/zastita-i-obnova-livada-morske-cvjetnice-posidonije\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hr_HR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Za\u0161tita i obnova livada morske cvjetnice posidonije - AdriAdapt\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Opis U slu\u010daju erozije pla\u017ee\/obale, va\u017enu \u201eobrambenu ulogu\u201c imaju morske cvjetnice. 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